XPowerACADEMY

Level two · L2-AGENT

The engineer and their agents

Tasks, tools, verification and learning from consequences.

3 languages8 / 6 · chapters · exercisesEdition 2026-09-12 · 2.0 12.09.2026
Contents

Starting asset

Teaching asset A-01: a refrigeration system with temperature, power and compressor-state telemetry. An agent is asked to propose a load reduction. Tests introduce stale readings, a unit error, a duplicate command and a contradictory temperature limit. The laboratory simulates decision checks and has no connection to equipment or an external AI model.

Outcome: Prepare an agent for verifiable work on an asset and defend its authority boundaries.

Level-one foundations

L2-AGENT / 01

Define what counts as a decision

A task specifies the asset, useful service, objective, constraints, data validity and acceptable output. For A-01, define available load reduction during a stated interval while maintaining the approved temperature envelope. A request to “reduce consumption” leaves substantial ambiguity.

The agent’s output includes inputs, calculations, a proposed action, predicted consequences, stop conditions and proposal expiry. Missing information can produce a precise measurement request. The human decides changes to objectives and limits, recording them in a new task version.

L2-AGENT / 02

Assign verifiable functions

Four functions are sufficient for a teaching team: acquire and validate data, calculate, challenge errors and prepare execution instructions. Different agents or separate stages of one system can perform them. Each function has inputs, outputs and acceptance criteria.

Verification independence depends on access to primary data and an independent calculation method. Two copies of a model repeating an answer provide limited protection against shared errors. The checker inspects original units, reproduces the central calculation and tests an adverse condition. A named owner retains responsibility for the asset.

L2-AGENT / 03

Prepare data for action

Every measurement needs a timestamp, time zone, unit, source, quality flag and asset identifier. Distinguish measurement time from message arrival. A duplicate message retains the same identifier and represents the same physical event.

At 11:20 in A-01, the latest reading is from 11:00 and maximum data age is 300 seconds. The reading is 1,200 seconds old, so a mode-change proposal waits for refreshed data. A power value of 2,400 W normalizes to 2.4 kW. Converting a kWh value to average power requires the interval duration.

age_s = decision_time − measurement_time
P_kW = E_kWh / interval_h
L2-AGENT / 04

Scope tools to their purpose

A read tool returns data. A calculation tool accepts a validated schema and returns a numerical result. An execution tool checks authority, permitted range, freshness and command identity. Availability of a function does not establish permission to control an asset.

Store command_id, asset, requested state, expiry, justification and recovery condition. Repeating a command identifier should return its first execution result. Text from an external document is treated as evidence. Instructions found within it cannot expand the agent’s assigned authority.

L2-AGENT / 05

Check the physical effect and recovery

A 12 kW reduction for 15 minutes corresponds to 3 kWh shifted or avoided during that interval. If recovery adds 4 kW for one hour, the complete window shows a 1 kWh increase in consumption. The power service may still have value; an energy-saving claim requires the complete window.

The agent checks temperature, equipment limits and recovery. A decision links initial state, prediction, action and measured consequence. Record prediction errors together with their causes and corrections. Apply a teaching model within its explicit assumptions.

E_event = ΔP × duration
E_net_saved = E_event − E_recovery
L2-AGENT / 06

Build an evaluation set

The evaluation set includes normal cases, boundaries and deliberately corrupted inputs. Define expected checks, acceptable numerical ranges and refusal reasons before running each task. Score numerical accuracy, evidence, appropriate stopping and adherence to authority.

Separate training examples from cases withheld until assessment. After a model or instruction update, rerun a stable regression set alongside new cases. Report the overall score together with critical failures. In this Academy exercise, a critical failure blocks progression to the corresponding action class.

L2-AGENT / 07

Move from a model to observed operation

Deployment progresses through historical replay, live-data observation with logged proposals, and limited application after technical acceptance. During observation, compare agent proposals with actual decisions and outcomes.

Each stage specifies duration, required operating conditions, progression criteria and recovery criteria. One elapsed week says little about coverage of a rare winter condition. Logs preserve inputs, model and tool versions, decision, time and outcome, allowing an event to be reconstructed after the system changes.

L2-AGENT / 08

Learn from outcomes

A useful experience becomes a verifiable case: conditions, decision, measured outcome and transfer limits. One successful week can produce a hypothesis for the next trial. An error can become a new evaluation example.

Collecting documents, updating a knowledge base, revising instructions and training model parameters are distinct operations. Each needs versioning and evaluation. The human learns to identify flawed assumptions and ask precise questions. The agent develops reproducible task performance. Joint progress is measured through decisions on new assets and the consequences of their use.

Calculation laboratory

Select a protocol event. The simulator shows the check and permissible next step. It examines teaching events without connecting to AI services or equipment.

Status: teaching example

The reading is 60 seconds old. Maximum age is 300 seconds. The 2.4 kW proposal lies within agreed limits.

Calculated result

Retain the input event, check rule, decision, basis and responsible person. Authority, measurement, proposal and execution must remain distinguishable in the log.

Exercises

01 · Measurement age

Decision time is 11:20, measurement time is 11:00 and the limit is 300 seconds. Find the age and next action.

Method and reference result

1,200 seconds. Request fresh data and defer the mode change.

02 · Power and energy

A 2.4 kWh reading covers 15 minutes. Calculate average power.

Method and reference result

9.6 kW. This conversion requires the interval duration.

03 · Complete event window

Reduction is 12 kW for 15 minutes; recovery adds 4 kW for one hour. Find the net energy change.

Method and reference result

Event reduction is 3 kWh; recovery is 4 kWh; total consumption increases by 1 kWh.

04 · Repeated delivery

After a timeout, the same command arrives with the same command_id. Design the executor response.

Method and reference result

Check the identifier log and return the first execution’s stored status. If the outcome is unknown, reconcile actual state first.

05 · Shared error between agents

Two agents produce the same forecast from one faulty table. How would you strengthen verification?

Method and reference result

Obtain primary readings, check units and boundaries, reproduce the key calculation by another method and add a known-answer case.

06 · Model update

A new model improves ordinary-task accuracy but misses an expired command. Prepare a deployment decision.

Method and reference result

Keep the corresponding action class disabled until correction and retesting. Report aggregate accuracy separately from the critical failure.

Field project

Prepare an agent task for one asset, input schema, tool and authority list, at least 20 evaluation cases, a logging protocol and a transition plan from historical replay to observation. Cover time, units, sources, duplicate execution and load recovery.

Give another evaluator ten new cases. Record numerical accuracy, justified stops and critical failures. The practical defence includes observing the agent on a real task within approved boundaries and analysing one case in which the original decision required correction.

How the work is assessed

Academy teaching rubric: 100 points maximum. The calculation defence requires at least 80 points and all mandatory checks. Practical assessment additionally requires an implemented project and measurements. This page prepares the work; it does not issue certificates automatically.

MeasureOutcomePoints
Problem and boundariesAsset, useful service, units and constraints are defined.20
Calculation and dataThe main result is reproducible and inputs are traceable.25
Result verificationMeasurement, comparison and uncertainty match the claim.20
Adverse conditionsFailure, changed conditions and recovery are examined.15
Operational handoverOwners, acceptance programme and actionable instructions are present.10
Transfer to a new assetNew conditions and required adaptations are demonstrated.10

Mandatory checks

Units and boundaries are consistent. Every material input has a source. Assumptions and measurements are identified separately. An adverse scenario is tested. The submitted result is reproducible. Practical claims are backed by implemented work.

Project workbook

Fill in your asset details. Keep the downloaded file and pass it to a reviewer with the evidence.

Agent assignment

Study the book and prerequisites. Reproduce the reference calculation. Solve the exercises before reading the methods. Prepare a project for a new asset. Return inputs with units and provenance, calculation, applicability limits, an adverse scenario, a measurement plan and questions for the human. Give the package to another agent for independent checking.

Download assignment · TXT

Books and primary sources

External material supports method study. Mention does not imply partnership or external Academy accreditation.

After implementation

After one month, check metering and operating conditions. After a season changes, review the forecast and limits. Verify the final claim over its complete stated period. Add new observations to the project history and use them to develop the next exercise.